CD38 and COVID-19: The MNP parameters that drove the separation between the groups were: Higher DC counts and Mono cluster 4 (ncMonos), higher c-KIT expression in DC1, higher CD45RA expression in pDCs, and higher HLA-DR, CD86, and CD200R expression in cDC2 lineage in controls; higher CD38 expression in MNPs, higher frequency of CD5+ DC2s among cDC2s in moderate patients COVID-19; and an expansion of Mo-MDSC-like clusters (9 and 10), higher c-KIT levels in DC progenitors, and higher frequencies of pre-DC2s in severe patients (Fig. 5F and SI Appendix, Fig. S3D).