Recent studies have shown that EXOs rich in PFKFB3, MMP-13, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) can enhance the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A, IL-8) and then downregulate junction-related proteins (such as claudins), which promote tumour angiogenesis and vascular permeability and become a potential channel system for distant metastasis of tumour cells [42, 50, 77]. This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and neoplasm.