HLA-DMA and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The changes in HLA-DM levels within antigen-presenting cells (APC), in turn, have been shown to influence the presentation of autoantigens and the development of autoimmune disorders such as T1D [35], which is additionally supported by the pathway enrichment data showing a late upregulation of antigen presentation via MHC Class I and Antigen processing−Cross presentation (Fig. 3c).