NDRG2-overexpressing mouse 4T1 cells showed less Smad-dependent-transcription and lower levels of active aTGF-β, invasiveness in vitro and metastatic activity in vivo than control cells, suggesting that NDRG2 suppresses tumor metastasis by attenuating active aTGF-β production and signaling [99]. Here, NDRG2 is linked to neoplasm.