Moreover, TGF-β1 and TNF-α decrease the expression of nephroprotective Klotho and PGC-1α proteins, which can protect kidney tissue against many harmful factors, such as ROS, and act against many of the aforementioned inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic processes during the course of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy [34,35]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and diabetes mellitus.