These data are in line with the idea that an enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake can be protective in pressure overload induced heart failure: TSPO closely interacts with VDAC1, acts as a negative regulator, and decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by inhibiting VDAC1 expression and mediating PKA phosphorylation [74,119]. Here, VDAC1 is linked to heart failure.