It had previously been reported that ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity was reduced in PBMC in subjects with HIV-1 infection [9], and more recent studies have shown that human memory CD73+ subset of CD4+ T cells, distinct from Tregs, was reduced in percentage, and also in absolute number, in peripheral blood samples from HIV-infected subjects [6,10]. The gene discussed is NT5E; the disease is HIV-1 infection.