In HNSCC, the ongoing trials include use of E7 T-cell receptor (TCR) T cells (KITE-439) in HPV 16+ cancers (NCT03912831), use of adoptive T cell transfer in HPV-mediated disease (NCT03578406), and autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) infusion (LN-145/LN-145-S1) followed by IL-2 in patients with R/M HNSCC (NCT03083873). Here, IL2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.