Recombinant human SOD3 supplements ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting ROS and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 or the activation of intrarenal 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase–peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α–nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf)2 signaling in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy [49,50]. The gene discussed is SOD3; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.