Some of the signaling pathways involved in E-selectin-mediated cancer functions were shown to include p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK/MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Wnt and Hedgehog (Table 2). Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.