Others reported that FGR-induced rats showed higher serum levels of glucose and increased HOmeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) and higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Here, TNF is linked to Insulin resistance.