INS and sleep disorder: Obstructive sleep apnea may play an important role in oxygen desaturation, hypercapnia, and sleep fragmentation, which were associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive complications.23 Palnitkar et al10 proposed that OSA and other sleep disorders may lead to infertility through increasing oxidative stress, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and aberrant reproductive hormone secretion.10 Previous studies have suggested several explanatory mechanisms.