HOTAIR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: In addition, a growing body of literature has reported the universal overexpression of HOTAIR in primary and metastatic tumors of various human cancers including breast cancer (Gupta et al., 2010), hepatocellular carcinoma (Geng et al., 2011), pancreatic cancer (Kim et al., 2013), carcinoma of the lungs (Nakagawa et al., 2013), colorectal cancer (Kogo et al., 2011), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (Lv et al., 2013).