Although HIF1α and YAP1 have been widely reported and contribute to CSCs in HCC,42,43 we actually found that CBX4 regulates YAP1 signalling through YAP1 translocation rather than its production in SR HCC, and this mechanism implicates that the CBX4-mediated YAP1 nucleolus translocation is an important event for sorafenib resistance and even contributes to HCC therapy as shown in Fig. 6h. This evidence concerns the gene YAP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.