Previous studies have demonstrated increased risks of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), which are particularly high for bone and soft tissue sarcomas and melanoma, and are largely restricted to hereditary survivors (i.e. patients carrying a germline mutation in the RB1 gene).1–6 In addition to this genetic susceptibility, increased risks also are attributed to treatment, especially radiotherapy and subsequent sarcoma risks.7 Here, RB1 is linked to melanoma.