ANGPT1 and neoplasm: Furthermore, MSCs secrete cytokines like angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and IL-6 in colorectal carcinoma, in turn stimulating cancer cells to secrete endothelin-1 (ET-1), which in turn activates ERK and AKT paths in tumor endothelial cells, resulting in tumor vessel formation and mobilization [128, 129].