Regarding canine IBD, a few studies have evaluated the Th17 subset (gene and/or protein expression of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-8) in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with IBD and did not find any evidence for the involvement of Th 17 cytokines in disease pathogenesis [10, 24, 62]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.