MIF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: At the next step, NF-κB translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of numerous genes that regulate the innate inflammatory response, including proinflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12b) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), chemokines (CXCL-2, MIF), antimicrobial molecules (hydrolases, peptidases, and proteases, that lead to local tissue injury and, hence, ALI), along with MHC and co-stimulatory molecules required for adaptive immune activation [39].