GSDMD and Hyperglycemia: Wedemonstrated that IL-1β secretion by retinal microglia was upregulated underhigh-glucose conditions, suggesting that hyperglycemia may induce phenotypicpolarization of retinal microglia to generate proinflammatory effects invitro. Moreover, high glucose increased LDH release and cleavedcaspase-1/cleaved GSDMD expression, which could form cell membrane pores andaccordingly lead to pyroptosis of retinal microglia to induce damage of theneurovascular unit in DR.