Apo has been adjusted to target mitochondria (Mito-Apo) (Ghosh et al., 2016; Langley et al., 2017), with preclinical PD models showing that it could prevent MPTP-induced nigral cell loss, indicating its potential use for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD (Ghosh et al., 2016; Langley et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene AOPEP and Parkinson disease.