Bacterial flagellin, a TLR5 agonist, has been demonstrated strong anti-cancer effect in lots of animal models (Soto et al., 2003; Sfondrini et al., 2006; Rhee et al., 2008; Cai et al., 2011; Burdelya et al., 2012; Garaude et al., 2012). Here, TLR5 is linked to cancer.