Furthermore, alterations in signaling by Notch and NGF could have important effects on neurogenesis and neurodevelopmental processes (Chao et al., 2006; Lathia et al., 2008), together with Hippo signaling (Wang and Wang, 2016), PI3K/AKT activation (Cuesto et al., 2011), FoxO signaling (Polter et al., 2009) and signaling by ERBB (Mei and Nave, 2014), which overall control neuronal maintenance, as well as behavioral manifestation, and may be crucial for TS pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and Timothy syndrome.