VIM and neoplasm: Compared with A375 cells, A375 xenograft tumor displayed an upregulation for glial and neuronal genes (GFAP, BDNF, MAP2, MTURN, ROBO2, SYT1 and TUBB3) and neural stemness genes (ASCL1, MSI1, PAX6, PDGFRA, SOX9, VIM, ZIC1/2) (Fig. 5a).