TNFRSF11B and cancer: In addition, OPG has also been shown to promote the growth and development of cancers by inhibiting the apoptosis of tumor cells through TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and promoting neovascularization of tumor tissues through ERK [35–39], which is in contrast to the suppressive effect of its upstream molecule miR-30c-5p on tumors.