Other strategies used to reduce transmission risk and/or ensure that female partners were ready for pregnancy included delaying attempts to conceive until a higher CD4 count (n = 22) or undetectable viral load (n = 31) was achieved, starting ART earlier than they would have otherwise (n = 15), seeking testing and treatment (if needed) for sexually transmitted infections (n = 20), and male partner circumcision (n = 52). Here, CD4 is linked to sexually transmitted disease.