Aberrant inflammation that is caused by increased T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17-dependent secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17, which are associated with neutrophil recruitment, has been observed in patients with prostate cancer and melanoma that were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors [52]. Here, CD274 is linked to melanoma.