PD-L1 upregulation by IFN-γ after ICIs and the activation of the PD-L1 intrinsic signaling pathway in tumor cells trigger the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), which leads to the downstream activation of the heat-shock proteins 70 (HSP70)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and Wnt5a production. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.