CD4+ levels and resulting immune suppression play a prominent role in controlling HPV replication and development of early disease, particularly, the development of pre-cancerous intraepithelial neoplasia: in PLWH, the probabilities of HPV acquisition and development of intraepithelial neoplasia increase in proportion to the loss of CD4 T cells [57]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and intraepithelial neoplasia.