In patients with liver-related pathology, HEV has been tested in hepatitis patients negative for acute viral hepatitis A-C showing 10.7% of anti-HEV IgM or IgG antibodies [64], and in adult patients with different chronic liver diseases detecting previous exposure (IgG) in 15.1% of patients, with 4.5% of them being IgM positive, but not a single HEV RNA positive [133]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and hepatitis A virus infection.