The causal relationship between HSPB7 variation and cardiomyopathy is unclear, as many of the variants occurred in non-coding regions of the gene, did not appear to be in linkage disequilibrium with overtly protein-altering variants, and targeted sequencing of the gene in DCM patients did not yield any pathogenic variation [29,57]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPB7 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.