TLR4 and acute kidney injury: In a cecal ligation and puncture model of SI-AKI, TLR4 knockout mice showed preserved renal morphology and function, decreased vascular permeability and lower neutrophil infiltration in the kidneys, as well as reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the kidney and in the peritoneal cavity, with a marked decrease in NFκB activation [82].