Our results indicate that neuroinflammation, and the disrupted insulin-signaling pathway was alleviated by treatment with LIR to a greater extent in prodromal STZ/sporadic AD mice than in prodromal 5xFAD mice, while Aβ pathology was alleviated by treatment with LIR to a greater extent in 5xFAD mice than in prodromal SAD. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Alzheimer disease.