To test its non-influenza antiviral efficacy, THP-1 macrophages were treated with APβG along with R-848, which is an anti-herpesvirus agent; the expression of TNF-α and IL-12p40 was significantly enhanced when the cells were co-stimulated with the M2 cell culture supernatants of R-848 and APβG compared to when stimulated with the M2 cell culture supernatant of R-848 alone. Here, TNF is linked to influenza.