Furthermore, FoxO1 cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation in β cells, previously observed in insulin resistance and in T2D animal models (i.e., GIRKO and db/db mice), was demonstrated to induce the expression of mesenchymal and stem-cell-associated genes (Vimentin, Ngn3, Oct4, Nanog, L-Myc), alongside loss of glucose-sensing ability and insulin secretion [23]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.