In an experiment using type 2 diabetes model mice, RSV was found to prevent the learning and memory decline by reducing type 2 diabetes-induced hippocampal neuron destruction and synaptic ultrastructural damage and to recover the increased expression levels of inflammatory factors, TNF-α and IL-1β, and oxidative stress-related indicators such as MDA in the model mice [185]. Here, TNF is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.