TNF and colorectal carcinoma: In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced animal model of PD, Sharma and Nehru [133] demonstrated that daily CRC administration for 21 days prevented the LPS-induced upregulation of the protein activity of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).