TNF and campylobacteriosis: Strikingly, the potent anti-inflammatory effects of oral cardamom EO application to mice suffering from acute campylobacteriosis were also effective systemically as indicated by lower TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 concentrations measured in serum samples taken from verum versus mock mice on day 6 p.i. We would like to further emphasize that the four-day cardamom EO treatment period was relatively short.