CSF2 and breast carcinoma: Currently, two active clinical studies sponsored by the Dana–Faber Cancer Institute are in progress (NCT00317603, Vaccination with Autologous Breast Cancer Cells Engineered to Secrete Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients, available at: clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00880464, Autologous Vaccination with Lethally Irradiated, Autologous Breast Cancer Cells Engineered to Secrete GM-CSF in women with Operable Breast Cancer, available at: clinicaltrials.gov).