A study by Welford SM net al (2011) reported enhanced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt; and translocation of NF-kB into the nucleus by hypoxia-mediated RAGE, which consequently enhanced cancer cell survival and invasion through the modulation of ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression [30]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to cancer.