Although it is unclear whether or not microglial proinflammatory releases affect prion disease progression, several proinflammatory cytokines—IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-κB, cyclophilin A, matrix metalloproteinases and NLRP3 inflammasome components—have been upregulated in prion disease microglia [112,113]. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and prion disease.