Although it is unclear whether or not microglial proinflammatory releases affect prion disease progression, several proinflammatory cytokines—IL-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NF-κB, cyclophilin A, matrix metalloproteinases and NLRP3 inflammasome components—have been upregulated in prion disease microglia [112,113]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is prion disease.