GDF5 and developmental dysplasia of the hip: Dai et al. [72], combined with genome-wide association research and replication, the study found the genetic connection between growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH), and further used 3D bioprinting to make a scaffold loaded with GDF5 and nanoparticle cells, and used it as cartilage repair 3D bioprinting.