The underlying causes of this long-term viral shedding are yet to be determined, but in view of this observation, it is of interest that one of our previous studies linked a type 1 diabetes-associated polymorphism in the gene encoding MDA5, IFIH1 (rs199760), to a poor type III IFN response to CVB3 infection [24]. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.