ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, clinical studies have shown that most but not all patients with ALK+ NSCLC with resistance to crizotinib respond to two drugs, ceritinib (Novartis, LDK 378, Zykadia, approved by the FDA in 2014) and Roche’s alectinib (CH5424802, AF802) which was FDA approved in 2015 for therapy in crizotinib-resistant patients [99,100] They provided good brain penetrance and a significant progression-free survival benefit against chemotherapy and/or crizotinib in the first line of treatment as demonstrated in the ASCEND-4 and ALEX trials [101].