These results are further supported by other studies showing an association between increased atrial tissue levels of HSPA1 and HSPB1 and restoration of sinus rhythm in patients after mitral valve surgery [86], and that high HSPB1 levels in blood predict sinus rhythm maintenance after catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF [87]. The gene discussed is HSPB1; the disease is Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.