The ability to counteract oxidative stress‐mediated cellular injury by suppressing peroxynitrite (ONOO−) production, as well as its ability to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, make insulin an interesting potential therapeutic strategy for conditions such as acute heart failure and CS (Ji et al., 2010; Kline et al., 1997; Ng et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Cowden syndrome 1.