Upon subcutaneous or intracerebral implantation of the malignant mouse astrocytoma, SMA560 into syngeneic VMDk mice, IFNγ+CD8+ T cells recognizing an MHC I-restricted neoepitope within the neoantigen Odc1 (Odc1MHC I) spontaneously infiltrate the tumor8, suggesting that this neoepitope would serve as a model vaccine target. Here, ODC1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).