Some of these TFs were specifically downregulated in MSCs of active myeloma (RUNX2 and TEAD2), others were already downregulated in precursor myeloma stages (HOXC9 and CEBPD), whereas other TFs, including HOXA2 and ATF3, did not change their expression in any myeloma stages (Supplementary Fig. 1G). This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and plasma cell myeloma.