NFKB1 and osteoarthritis: Flies lacking fat body fs(1)h exhibits a shorter lifespan, enhanced expression of immunotarget genes, disability to metabolize triglyceride, and systemic defects in insulin signaling.173 As mentioned above, the activation of the BRD4–NF-κB pathway contributes to the development of gouty arthritis, diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, which have abnormal metabolic properties.