HAMP and anemia (phenotype): Anemia in CKD can have different causes such as disorders in iron homeostasis (via hepcidin excess) or deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO), which is one of the main regulators of red blood cells production.70,71 This molecule is originated in fibroblast-like cells in the kidney and owing to the increased needs of plasma cells in pregnancy its production is doubled.