CD4 and neoplasm: Since PD-L1 was enriched in the adjacent stroma rather than in the tumor nest, to systematically analyze the TIME in PESCCs, where PD-L1 expression is enriched, we performed H&E staining and IHC analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in all 81 patients.