CCB: calcium channel blockers, ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers, RAS: renin-angiotensin system, AHM: antihypertensive medications, ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, VCI: vascular cognitive impairment, VD: vascular dementia, cACEi: centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, AD: Alzheimer’s disease, ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers. Here, ACE is linked to Alzheimer disease.