TNF and metabolic syndrome: The main inducers of the LOX-1 expression are tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), CRP, and modified lipoproteins such as glyxidized LDL, lysophosphatidylcholine, and ROS, while the mediators and conditions regulating the gene expression are numerous: angiotensin II, cytokines, glycation end products, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), heart failure, psychological stress, and HIV infection [61].